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GeorgesPierre Seurat

Georges-Pierre Seurat was a French post-Impressionist painter and draftsman. He is noted for his innovative use of drawing media and for devising the painting techniques known as chromoluminarism and pointillism. Seurat's artistic personality was compounded of qualities which are usually supposed to be opposed and incompatible: on the one hand, his extreme and delicate sensibility; on the other, a passion for logical abstraction and an almost mathematical precision of mind. His large-scale work, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886), altered the direction of modern art by initiating Neo-impressionism, and is one of the icons of late 19th-century painting.
Seurat was born 2 December 1859 in Paris, at 60 rue de Bondy (now rue René Boulanger). The Seurat family moved to 136 boulevard de Magenta (now 110 boulevard de Magenta) in 1862 or 1863. His father, Antoine Chrysostome Seurat, originally from Champagne, was a former legal official who had become wealthy from speculating in property, and his mother, Ernestine Faivre, was from Paris. Georges had a brother, Émile Augustin, and a sister, Marie-Berthe, both older. His father lived in Le Raincy and visited his wife and children once a week at boulevard de Magenta.
Georges Seurat first studied art at the École Municipale de Sculpture et Dessin, near his family's home in the boulevard Magenta, which was run by the sculptor Justin Lequien. In 1878 he moved on to the École des Beaux-Arts where he was taught by Henri Lehmann, and followed a conventional academic training, drawing from casts of antique sculpture and copying drawings by old masters. Seurat's studies resulted in a well-considered and fertile theory of contrasts: a theory to which all his work was thereafter subjected. His formal artistic education came to an end in November 1879, when he left the École des Beaux-Arts for a year of military service.
After a year at the Brest Military Academy, he returned to Paris where he shared a studio with his friend Aman-Jean, while also renting a small apartment at 16 rue de Chabrol. For the next two years, he worked at mastering the art of monochrome drawing. His first exhibited work, shown at the Salon, of 1883, was a Conté crayon drawing of Aman-Jean. He also studied the works of Eugène Delacroix carefully, making notes on his use of color.
He spent 1883 working on his first major painting—a large canvas titled Bathers at Asnières, a monumental work showing young men relaxing by the Seine in a working-class suburb of Paris. Although influenced in its use of color and light tone by Impressionism, the painting with its smooth, simplified textures and carefully outlined, rather sculptural figures, shows the continuing impact of his neoclassical training; the critic Paul Alexis described it as a "faux Puvis de Chavannes". Seurat also departed from the Impressionist ideal by preparing for the work with a number of drawings and oil sketches before starting on the canvas in his studio.
Bathers at Asnières was rejected by the Paris Salon, and instead he showed it at the Groupe des Artistes Indépendants in May 1884. Soon, however, disillusioned by the poor organisation of the Indépendants, Seurat and some other artists he had met through the group – including Charles Angrand, Henri-Edmond Cross, Albert Dubois-Pillet and Paul Signac – set up a new organisation, the Société des Artistes Indépendants. Seurat's new ideas on pointillism were to have an especially strong influence on Signac, who subsequently painted in the same idiom.
In the summer of 1884, Seurat began work on A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which took him two years to complete.
The painting shows members of each of the social classes participating in various park activities. The tiny juxtaposed dots of multi-colored paint allow the viewer's eye to blend colors optically, rather than having the colors physically blended on the canvas. It took Seurat two years to complete this 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) painting, much of which he spent in the park sketching in preparation for the work (there are about 60 studies). It is now in the permanent collection of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Seurat made several studies for the large painting including a smaller version, Study for A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1885), now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York City.
The painting was the inspiration for James Lapine and Stephen Sondheim's musical, Sunday in the Park with George.
Seurat concealed his relationship with Madeleine Knobloch (or Madeleine Knoblock, 1868–1903), an artist's model whom he portrayed in his painting Jeune femme se poudrant. In 1889 she moved in with Seurat in his studio on the 7th floor of 128bis Boulevard de Clichy.
When Madeleine became pregnant, the couple moved to a studio at 39 passage de l'Élysée-des-Beaux-Arts (now rue André Antoine). There she gave birth to their son, who was named Pierre-Georges, 16 February 1890.

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A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Bathers at Asnières

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte

Circus Sideshow

Farm Women at Work

Parade de cirque (detail) -

Parade de cirque, Metropolitan

The Lighthouse at Honfleur, NG Wa

The Seine at Courbevoie

Evening, Honfleur, 1886

Chahut

The river Seine at La Grande-Jatte

Seated figures

The Mower

Low Tide at Grandcamp

Chahut, 1889-1890

Young Woman Powdering Herself

Peasant boy sitting in a meadow

grande jatte (large scan)

Landscape at Saint-Ouen

cirque

The Eiffel Tower

White dog

The Channel at Gravelins, Grand-Fort-Philippe

Woman Seated and Baby Carriage

Seated Woman

Cadet From Saint-Cyr

The Hedge (also known as The Clearing)

The Hollow Way

Une baignade, Asniéres, NG, Lond

Three Men Seated

Harbor in Honfleur

River's Edge

Woman with a Monkey

The Seine at Courbevoie

Forest at Pontaubert

Rainbow

Alfalfa, St. Denis

The Channel at Gravelines, Petit-Fort-Philippe

Boy with horse

powdering

The Bank of the Seine

The Watering Can

Port of Honfleur

Sketch with Many Figures

Women by the Water

Bathing at Asnieres

(Peasant with Hoe) Guggenheim Museum

Village Road

Study for 'Une Baignade'

La Grande Jatte - Woman Fishing and Seated Figures

untitled (3617)

Horses in the Water

Suburb

Edge of Wood, Springtime

Seated Man, Reclining Woman

Stone Breaker and Wheelbarrow, Le Raincy

The Morning Walk

Port-en-Bessin Entrance to the Harbor

Rue St. Vincent in Spring

Boquet in a Vase

Bridge at Courbevoie

The Stone Breaker

Model from the Back

The Clearing (Landscape with a Stake)

La Luzerne, Saint Denis

Gardener

Peasants Driving Stakes

Pink Landscape

Trombone player

The Port of Honfleur

Grassy Riverbank

Landscape with Copy after 'Le Pauvre Pecheur'

The Bridge at Courbevoie

Hospice and Lighthouse, Honfleur

The Channel of Gravelines, Grand Fort Philippe

Race in Grandcamp

Le Crotoy, Downstream

Sailboat

Woman Sewint

Horse and cart

The Rope-Colored Skirt

The Harbour and the Quays at Port-en-Bessin

Stone breakers, Le-Raincy

Study with Figures

Models

LISIERE DE BOIS AU PRINTEMPS

A Corner of the Harbor of Honfleur ,

Two-horse hitch

Men Laying Stakes

Study for 'Chahut'

The English Channel at Grandcamp

Study with Figures. Study for 'La Grande Jatte'

Study for 'The Channel at Grvelines, Petit-Fort-Phillipe

The Eiffel tower

Une Perissoire

A house between trees

Angelica at the rock (After ingres)

untitled (7518)

A canoes

Corner of a House

The Gardener

Head of a Girl

Young Woman Powdering Herself

The Stone Breaker 3

The Riverbanks

Riverman (also known as Fisherman)

The Stone Breaker 2

The Stone Breakers

Study for 'The Channel at Gravelines, Evening'

In the Woods at Pontaubert

Les poseuses

Lucerne (also known as alfalfa field)

untitled (2597)

Boats Near The Beach At Asnieres

untitled

La Grande Jatte

Seated Model in profile

The Riverside

Large Figure in a Landscape

Peasant with Hoe

The Black Horse

Modelo de Espaldas

End of the Jetty, Honfleur

Rue Saint-Vincent, Montmartre, in Spring

Angelica Chained to the rock

A River Bank (The Seine at Asnieres)

White Houses, Ville d'Avray

The Bineau Bridge

Vase of Flowers

The Circus

A River Bank (The Seine at Asnières)

Rock-Breakers, Le Raincy

Landscape with ''sinners'' Puvis de Chava

Seated Man. Study for ''Bathers at Asnieres''

The Stone Breaker

The channel at Gravelines, in the direction of the sea

Bañistas en Asnieres, 1889

untitled (931)

Courbevoie, Landscape With Turret

Young Peasant in Blue

The Garbage Picker

Study for 'La Grande Jatte'

The Bridge - View of the Seine

The away Samson in Grandcamp

Study for The Chahut

Le Bec du hoc, Grandcamp

untitled (4615)

untitled (341)

Young Woman Powdering Herself (Study)

Clothes on the Grass (Vêtements sur l'herbe)

The Channel at Gravelines, Grand Fort-Philippe

Snow Effect: Winter in the Suburbs

Sunset

Boy Sitting in a Meadow

untitled (4494)

Port-en-Bessin

A Corner of the Habor of Honfleur

House with Red Roof

La Grande Jatte - Landscape with Figures

Beach at Bas Butin, Honfleur

Seated and Standing Woman

LE PETIT PAYSAN EN BLEU OU LE JOCKER

Man Painting a Boat

Le Bec du Hoc, Grandcamp

Mujer sentada en un prado

View of Fort Samson

Man Painting his Boat

Modelo de frente

The Island of La Grande Jatte

untitled (964)

Etude dans l'Ile

Landscape in the Ile-de-France

The Models

The Rainbow Study for 'Bathers at Asnières'

Port-en-Bessin, The Outer Harbor, High Tide

untitled (1662)

End of the Jetty, Honfleur

Grandcamp, Evening

View of Le Crotoy, from Upstream

Port-en-Bessin

Final Study for Bathing at Asnieres

The Seine seen from La Grande Jatte

The circus

House among Trees

untitled (9693)

Ville d'Avray, France, maisons blanches

Horses in the Water

Poseur standing, front view, study for ''Les poseuses''

View of Crotoy, the Valley

Trees, winter

The Rue St Vincent, Paris in Spring

Beach at Gravelines

port en bessin (the outer harbor at high tide) -

Port-en-Bessin, Entrance to the Outer Harbor

acid core alpha

Sunday at Port-en-Bessin, Rijksmuseum Kroller-M

Port-en-Bessin. The Outer Habor at Low Tide

Port-en-Bessin, the Semaphore and Cliffs

untitled (9458)

The Models

The Watering Can

Sunday Afternoon on the Isle of Lan Grande Jatte

Bathing at Asnieres - Clothing on the Grass

The Circus (Study)

Port en Bessin- The Outer Harbor at Low Tide

Fishing Fleet at Port-en-Bessin

untitled (7920)

Sunday at Port-en-Bessin

Study for 'Le Chahut'

Study for Bathers, Asnières

Forest Path, Barbizon

Pierrot with a White Pipe

Study for 'Invitation to the Sideshow'

Seated Nude

untitled (3675)

Grassy Riverbank

Bathing at Asnieres - Bathers in the Water

Fisherman in a Moored Boat

Study for 'A Sunday on the Island of La Grand Jatte' Couple Walking

Watering Can

Man at a Parapet

Man Painting a Boat

The Bec du Hoc at Grandcamp Sun

Man leaning on a parapet

Forest at Pontaubert

untitled (2872)

Le Crotoy, Upstream

River Landscape with a boat

Man Reading on a Terrace

The Stone Breakers, Le Raincy

Man in a Boat

The Seine at La Grande Jatte in the Spring

Le Pont de Courbevoie

Man standing, leaning on a stick

The Seine with Clothing on the Bank

Woman Seated by an Easel, ca

The Stone Breaker 1

Study for Le Chahut 1

View of Fort samson, Grandcamp

Peasant Laboring

Boat by the Bank, Asnieres

Horse

untitled (510)

Beach at Gravelines

ESQUISSE POUR LE CIRQUE

Seated Woman

Study for 'Bathers at Asnières'

Cows in a Field

The Bec du Hoc, Grandcamp

Boats, Low Tide, Grandcamp

The tree trunk

untitled (1261)

Fishermen

ETUDE POUR UN DIMANCHE APRES MIDI A L'ILE DE LA GRANDE JATTE

Industrial Suburb

The Clearing

untitled (2612)

ETUDE POUR UNE BAIGNADE A ASNIERES

Horses in the Water

Lady with a Monkey

The Little Peasant in Blue

Landscape with a Boat

Study for ''A Sunday on the Grande Jatte''

The Roadmenders

On the balcony

Gray Weather

The Pont de Courbevoie

Head of a Girl

White Houses at Ville d'Avray

Angler

Woman standing

La grande jatte - the couple

Paris, Rue Saint-Vincent in Spring

The Echo

untitled (9472)

PAYSAGE ROSE

PORT EN BESSIN, AVANT PORT, MAREE HAUTE

Fishing Boats and Barges, High Tide, Grandcamp

Moored Boats and trees

Ruins at Grandcamp

untitled (6511)

Boats Riding at Anchor, Grandcamp

Landscape with Horse

The Painter Aman-Jean as Pierrot

The Channel at Gravelines, Evening

Forest of Barbizon

Woman with Umbrella

untitled (2008)

View of Le Crotoy from Upstream

La Maria, Honfleur

View of Crotoy from Upstream

Farmer to work

Landscape of the Ile-de-France

The River Banks

On the road

Five Men

The Maria, Honfleur

Voilette

Landscape

Sunday at Port en Bessin

The Channel at Gravelines, Grand Fort-Philippe

Alley in the forest, Barbizon

The Stone Breaker

untitled (4589)

Port-en-Bessin - Outer Harbor at High Tide,

In the Street

Port-en-Bessin, Outer Harbor, High Tide

untitled (8739)

The English Channel at Grandcamp

The Artist's Mother

Carriage and Dog (La Carriole et le chien)

untitled (9441)

Paysage de l'Ile de France

LE CIRQUE

Barbizon Forest

Female from back (black woman)

Chenal de Gravelines

Horse and Boats

Leg

untitled (4330)

Study for ''Bathers at Asnieres''

Le port de Gravelines

Pierrot with a White Pipe

Study for ''The Circus''

Banks of the Seine at Suresnes

La Seine a Courbevoie

untitled (4096)

Bathing at Asnieres - Seated Bather

Port-en-Bessin, Entrance to the Harbor, 1888

The Shore at Bas-Butin, Honfleur

Portrait of Paul Signac

El arcoiris, 1883

Nurse sitting holding her baby

Fishermen

Seated Bather

Study for ''A Bathing Place at Asnières''

untitled (1944)

Group of figures in front of a house and some trees

Part of the studio

Beached Boats, Grandcamp

The Ploughman

POSEUSE DE DOS

Grandcamp Evening

untitled (4549)

untitled (372)

Peasants Driving Stakes

The Sideshowed

The scene in the theater

Final Study for Bathers, Asnières

At work the land: man's face in profile, leaning forward

The cart or the horse hauler

Boys Bathing

Couple Dancing

The Seine Seen from the Grande Jatte

untitled (9310)

Model to front

Artist at work

Soldier Fencing, Another Reclining

The Bank of the Seine

The seller of oranges

The black bow

Ploughing

POSEUSE DE PROFIL

The Poppy Field, 1884

Canale di Gravelines Grand Fort Philippe

Woman with Raised

untitled (4022)

untitled (9025)

The Parade, 1887-8

untitled (1297)

The Painter

Etude pour les poseuses MET Museum

Castle in park Sun

Portrait of Paul Alexis

The Black Bow

Seated Man

Young Girl Seated, Sewing

At the ''Concert Européen''

Madame Seurat Reading

The Orange Merchant

Man Dining

Portrait of Edmond-François Aman-Jean

Eden Concert

Harvester

Stone crusher

Reclining Man Listening

Study after Ingres ''Angelica Chained to the Rock''

The Artist's Mother

untitled (4548)